Hands-On Microservices with Django: Build cloud-native and reactive applications with Python using Django 5

Cover....1

Title Page....2

Copyright and Credits....3

Dedication....4

Contributors....5

Table of Contents....8

Preface....14

Part 1: Introducing Microservices and Getting Started....20

Chapter 1: What Is a Microservice?....22

Comparing monolithic web applications and microservices....23

A monolithic version of a Discount Claim app....23

A microservices version of the Discount Claim app....25

Characteristics of microservices....26

Exploring the microservices architecture and its components....27

An analogy to deepen our understanding of microservices....29

Listing the benefits of microservices....30

The drawbacks of microservices....31

Distinguishing types of microservice....31

Cloud-native microservices....31

Reactive microservices....33

Designing microservices....34

Analyzing the user story....34

Split the user story into use cases....35

Summary....38

Chapter 2: Introducing the Django Microservices Architecture....40

Technical requirements....40

Exploring Django’s native components for microservices web applications....41

DRF....41

Django’s Cache Framework....43

Traversing the external components for Django microservices web applications....47

Task and message queue brokers....47

Container software....49

The complete Django microservices architecture....50

Creating a sample microservice....50

Implementation 1: Offloading a task with a RabbitMQ microservice....52

Implementation 2: Offloading a task with a Celery microservice....58

Summary....62

Chapter 3: Setting Up the Development and Runtime Environment....64

Technical requirements....64

Setting up the development environment....65

Extra setup for Windows developers....65

Installing the required Python packages....68

Setting up the runtime environment....70

Installing Docker Desktop....71

Installing RabbitMQ as a Docker container....72

Installing Redis as a Docker container....73

Signing up for MongoDB and working from VS Code....73

Analyzing the sample microservices application....75

Matching an address....75

The app’s requirements as user stories....76

Splitting the requirements into use cases....78

Phasing the development of the sample application....80

Summary....80

Part 2: Building the Microservices Foundation....82

Chapter 4: Cloud-native Data Processing with MongoDB....84

Technical requirements....85

Introducing MongoDB and cloud-native databases....85

What are cloud-native databases?....85

MongoDB is a NoSQL database....86

Setting up MongoDB....88

Optional: creating a paid cluster for production databases....89

Creating a database user....89

Setting up our MongoDB cluster for Django....90

Creating a Database....91

Creating documents inside a collection....91

Updating documents....92

Deleting documents and collections....92

Mapping CRUD operations to HTTP methods....93

CRUD operations on MongoDB with Django ORM....94

CRUD operations on MongoDB with pymongo....100

Cleaning up....103

Summary....103

Chapter 5: Creating RESTful APIs for Microservices....104

Technical requirements....105

Introducing RESTful APIs....105

Benefits of RESTful APIs....107

The RESTful API architecture....107

Building RESTful APIs with DRF....109

Setting up DRF....111

Creating a model and a serializer....112

Creating a view and the URL endpoints....113

Browsing a DRF RESTful API....125

Error handling....127

Handling wrong-formatted requests....127

Handling validation errors....128

Summary....129

Chapter 6: Orchestrating Microservices with Celery and RabbitMQ....130

Technical requirements....131

Introducing task queues....131

Implementing the work queue scenario....132

Implementing the Publish-Subscribe scenario....135

Implementing the Request-Response scenario....138

Exploring Celery and RabbitMQ....142

Celery....143

RabbitMQ....144

Creating and running asynchronous tasks....146

Creating and running a Celery-based task....147

Creating and running a RabbitMQ-based task....160

Monitoring tasks and task queues....166

Monitoring Celery tasks with Flower....166

Monitoring RabbitMQ tasks....167

Summary....168

Chapter 7: Testing Microservices....170

Technical requirements....171

Introducing testing microservices....171

Unit testing microservices....173

Creating and running happy path tests....174

Creating and running boundary tests....179

End-to-end testing microservices....182

Automated testing with Selenium....185

Summary....188

Chapter 8: Deploying Microservices with Docker....190

Technical requirements....191

Introducing Docker....191

Benefits of Docker (containers)....192

Containerizing microservices....192

Applying multi-container deployment with Docker Compose....196

Deploying a Django microservices application....199

Showing a list of the images we created....200

Showing a list of created and running containers....200

Inspecting the console output of a container....201

Stopping a container....201

Starting a container....202

Removing a container....202

Removing an image....202

Deploying a new microservices version....203

Scaling microservices....204

Vertical and horizontal scaling....204

Docker Swarm....206

Kubernetes....206

Summary....207

Part 3: Taking Microservices to the Production Level....208

Chapter 9: Securing Microservices....210

Technical requirements....211

Introducing microservices security....211

North-south security for microservices....211

East-west security for microservices....213

Token-based security with JWT....214

User-based security with OAuth 2.0....215

Controlling access to microservices....215

Securing data communication between microservices....221

Summary....223

Chapter 10: Improving Microservices Performance with Caching....224

Technical requirements....225

Introducing caching....225

Applying Django’s cache framework....227

Caching a web page....229

Caching page data....231

Using Redis for caching....234

Redis as a backend cache for Django’s cache framework....234

Redis as a standalone cache....235

Summary....238

Chapter 11: Best Practices for Microservices....240

Technical requirements....240

Organizing code....241

Apply the singe task principle....241

Separate responsibilities....241

Standardize the communication protocols....242

Containerize microservices....242

Apply version control....243

Document the code....243

Conduct code reviews....243

Documenting microservices....244

Provide code comments....244

Create a README file for the microservices application....245

Document RESTful APIs....246

Logging and monitoring....246

Apply integrated logging....247

Implement log levels....248

Log context information....248

Alert anomalies....249

Error handling....249

Catch and log errors....249

Other error handling options....250

Versioning microservices....251

Apply semantic versioning....251

Utilize RESTful API versioning....252

Summary....252

Further reading....253

Chapter 12: Transforming a Monolithic Web Application into a Microservices Version....254

Introducing the transformation approach....255

Implementing the approach step by step....255

Determining requirements....256

Decomposing the monolith....257

Designing the microservices....260

Selecting the technology....261

Creating the data foundation....262

Developing the microservices....263

Testing and deploying....264

Summary....265

Index....266

Other Books You May Enjoy....275

Are you a Django developer looking to leverage microservices to create optimized and scalable web applications? If yes, then this book is for you. With microservices, you can split an application into self-contained services, each with a specific scope running asynchronously while collectively executing processes. Written by an experienced Python developer, Hands-On Microservices with Django teaches you how to develop and deploy microservices using Django and accompanying components such as Celery and Redis. You'll start by learning the principles of microservices and message/task queues and how to design them effectively. Next, you’ll focus on building your first microservices with Django RESTful APIs (DFR) and RabbitMQ, mastering the fundamentals along the way. As you progress, you’ll get to grips with dockerizing your microservices. Later, you’ll discover how to optimize and secure them for production environments. By the end of this book, you’ll have the skills you need to design and develop production-ready Django microservices applications with DFR, Celery/RabbitMQ, Redis, and Django's cache framework.

What you will learn

• Understand the architecture of microservices and how Django implements it
• Build microservices that leverage community-standard components such as Celery, RabbitMQ, and Redis
• Test microservices and deploy them with Docker
• Enhance the security of your microservices for production readiness
• Boost microservice performance through caching
• Implement best practices to design and deploy high-performing microservices.