How AI Works: From Sorcery to Science

Title Page....4

Copyright Page....5

Dedication Page....6

About the Author....7

About the Technical Reviewer....8

CONTENTS....9

Acknowledgments....10

Preface....11

Chapter 1: And Away We Go: An AI Overview....16

Chapter 2: Why Now? A History of AI....46

Pre-1900....48

1900 to 1950....50

1950 to 1970....51

1980 to 1990....55

1990 to 2000....57

2000 to 2012....59

2012 to 2021....60

2021 to Now....64

Speed....66

Algorithm....68

Data....71

Chapter 3: Classical Models: Old-School Machine Learning....73

Chapter 4: Neural Networks: Brain-Like AI....101

Chapter 5: Convolutional Neural Networks: AI Learns to See....130

Chapter 6: Generative AI: AI Gets Creative....153

Chapter 7: Large Language Models: True AI at Last?....181

GPT-4....189

GPT-3.5....190

Bard....190

GPT-4....190

GPT-3.5....191

Bard....191

7 billion....207

13 billion....208

30 billion....208

Chapter 8: Musings: The Implications of AI....211

Glossary....230

Resources....251

Index....254

Artificial intelligence is everywhere—from self-driving cars, to image generation from text, to the unexpected power of language systems like ChatGPT—yet few people seem to know how it all really works. How AI Works unravels the mysteries of artificial intelligence, without the complex math and unnecessary jargon.

You’ll learn:

• The relationship between artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning
• The history behind AI and why the artificial intelligence revolution is happening now
• How decades of work in symbolic AI failed and opened the door for the emergence of neural networks
• What neural networks are, how they are trained, and why all the wonder of modern AI boils down to a simple, repeated unit that knows how to multiply input numbers to produce an output number.
• The implications of large language models, like ChatGPT and Bard, on our society—nothing will be the same again

AI isn’t magic. If you’ve ever wondered how it works, what it can do, or why there’s so much hype, How AI Works will teach you everything you want to know.