Building Microservices with Node.js: Explore microservices applications and migrate from a monolith architecture to microservices

Cover....1

Title Page....2

Copyright and Credits....3

Contributors....4

Table of Contents....6

Preface....14

Part 1: Understanding Microservices and Node.js....20

Chapter 1: Introducing Microservices....22

Introduction to the microservices and decentralized architecture concepts....23

Microservices architecture....23

Decentralized architecture....25

Service boundaries and loose coupling....27

Service boundaries....27

Loose coupling....28

Independent development and deployment and polyglot architecture....29

Independent development and deployment....30

Polyglot architecture....31

Scalability and resilience and independent data management....32

Scalability and resilience....32

Independent data management....34

APIs and communication and CI....35

APIs and communication....36

CI....37

Summary....38

Quiz time....39

Chapter 2: Exploring the Core Principles of Microservices....40

Overview of the core principles of microservices....41

Understanding the fundamentals and identifying business capabilities....43

Defining service contracts and decentralized decision making....44

Service contracts in microservices....44

Decentralized decision making in microservices....46

Prioritizing autonomy and ownership and designing for resilience....47

Prioritizing autonomy and ownership....47

Designing for resilience....49

Implementing communication strategies and ensuring scalability....50

Implementing communication strategies....51

Ensuring scalability....51

Implementing observability and continuously learning and improving....54

Implementing observability....54

Continuous learning and improving....54

Summary....56

Quiz time....56

Chapter 3: Understanding Node.js Fundamentals: Building Blocks and Key Concepts....58

Asynchronous and non-blocking communication and event-driven architecture....59

Asynchronous and non-blocking communication....59

Event-driven architecture....60

The JavaScript ecosystem and server-side development....61

The JavaScript ecosystem....62

Server-side development with Node.js....63

Command-line applications and scalability and performance....64

Command-line applications....65

Scalability and performance....66

Cross-platform compatibility and community and support....67

Cross-platform compatibility....67

Community and support....68

Microservices and serverless architectures and their integration through APIs....69

What is microservices architecture?....69

What is a serverless architecture?....71

Integration through APIs....72

Integration in microservices and serverless architectures....73

Summary....73

Quiz time....73

Chapter 4: Leveraging the JavaScript and Node.js Ecosystem for Microservices Development....74

Vast package management and developer productivity....75

Vast package management....75

Developer productivity....76

Community support and collaboration, and rapid innovation and updates....78

Community support and collaboration....78

Rapid innovation and updates....79

Versatility and full stack development, and cross-platform compatibility....80

Versatility and full stack development....81

Cross-platform compatibility....82

Integration and interoperability and support for modern web standards....83

Integration and interoperability....83

Support for modern web standards....84

Enterprise adoption and industry maturity and ecosystem growth and innovation....85

Enterprise adoption and industry maturity....85

What is ecosystem growth and innovation?....86

Summary....88

Quiz time....88

Part 2: Building and Integrating Microservices with Node.js....90

Chapter 5: Knowing the Infrastructure of Microservices in Node.js....92

Service discovery and API gateways....93

Service discovery....93

API gateways....94

Load balancing and service orchestration....97

Load balancing....97

Service orchestration....99

Containerization and orchestration and centralized logging and monitoring....101

Containerization and orchestration....101

Centralized logging and monitoring....102

Distributed tracing and event-driven communication....104

Distributed tracing....104

Event-driven communication....105

Database integration and continuous integration and deployment....105

Database integration....105

CI/CD....107

Summary....108

Quiz time....109

Chapter 6: Designing Microservices Architecture in Node.js....110

Things to consider before creating your microservice....110

Communication protocol and design APIs....113

Communication protocol....113

API design....114

Decentralized data management and data consistency....117

Authentication and authorization and error handling and fault tolerance....119

Authentication and authorization....119

Error handling and fault tolerance....120

Monitoring and tracing requests and containerization technologies....121

Monitoring and tracing requests....121

Containerization technologies....123

Summary....125

Quiz time....125

Chapter 7: Integrating Microservices in Node.js Applications....126

Synchronous HTTP/REST communication and asynchronous messaging....126

Synchronous HTTP/REST communication....127

Asynchronous messaging....129

EDA and API gateways....131

EDA....131

API gateways....132

Service mesh and caching....133

Service mesh....133

Caching....135

Distributed tracing and database integration....136

Distributed tracing....136

Database integration....137

Monitoring and observability and error handling and resilience....139

Monitoring and observability....139

Error handling and resilience....141

Summary....143

Quiz time....143

Chapter 8: Debugging Microservices in Node.js....144

Logging and debugging tools....144

Logging in microservices....144

Debugging tools....146

Debugging in containers and error handling....148

Debugging in containers....149

Error handling....150

Unit testing and remote debugging....151

Unit testing....151

Remote debugging....152

Instrumentation and tracing and environment and configuration....154

Instrumentation and tracing....154

Environment and configuration....155

Reproducing and isolating issues and debugging tools and libraries....156

Reproduce and isolate issues....156

Debugging tools and libraries....157

Summary....159

Quiz time....159

Part 3: Data Management in Microservices Using Node.js....160

Chapter 9: Database Manipulation in Microservices with Node.js....162

Choosing the right database and database connections....163

Choosing the right database....163

Database connections in microservices....165

Data models and schemas and CRUD operations....166

Data models and schemas....166

CRUD operations....167

Transactions and data validation....168

Transactions in microservices....168

Data validation and sanitization....170

Error handling and optimizations....172

Error handling in microservices....172

Optimizations in microservices....174

Testing....175

Summary....177

Quiz time....178

Chapter 10: API Communication and Data Contracts in Microservices....180

Defining API contracts and RESTful API design....180

Defining API contracts....181

RESTful API design....181

REST API libraries and API versioning....183

REST API libraries....184

API versioning....185

Authentication and authorization and data validation....187

Authentication and authorization....187

Data validation....189

Error handling and API documentation....191

Error handling....191

API documentation....193

API testing and API gateway....194

API testing....194

API gateway....196

Summary....198

Quiz time....199

Chapter 11: Caching and Asynchronous Messaging in Microservices....200

Client-side caching and edge caching....201

Client-side caching....201

Edge caching....202

Microservice-level caching and database query caching....203

Microservice-level caching....203

Database query caching....204

Message queues and publish-subscribe....205

Message queues....205

Publish-subscribe (Pub/Sub)....207

Event-driven architecture....209

Summary....210

Quiz time....211

Chapter 12: Ensuring Data Security with the Saga Pattern, Encryption, and Security Measures....212

Compensating actions and Saga orchestration....213

Compensating actions....213

Saga orchestration....214

Event-driven communication and Sagas with state....221

Event-driven communication....221

Sagas with state....223

Transport layer security (TLS) and data encryption at rest....224

TLS....224

Data encryption at rest....226

Encryption algorithms and key management....227

Encryption algorithms....227

Key management....229

Authentication, authorization, input validation, secure coding practices, and API rate limiting....231

Authentication....231

Authorization....232

Input validation....233

Secure coding practices....233

API rate limiting....233

Summary....234

Quiz time....235

Part 4: Monitoring and Logging in Microservices with Node.js....236

Chapter 13: Monitoring Microservices in Node.js....238

Structured logging and log levels....239

Contextual information and centralized log management....241

Contextual information in logs....242

Centralized log management....243

Application-level metrics, distributed tracing, and health checks....244

Application-level metrics....244

Distributed tracing....245

Health checks....245

Threshold-based alerts and anomaly detection....246

Threshold-based alerts....246

Anomaly detection....247

Request tracing, request context propagation, and logging frameworks....248

Request tracing....249

Request context propagation....249

Logging frameworks....250

Summary....251

Quiz time....252

Chapter 14: Logging in Microservices with Node.js....254

Choosing a logging framework and defining log levels....255

Choosing a logging library....255

Log levels....258

Structured logging, log transport, and storage....258

Structured logging....258

Log transport and storage....260

Log filtering, sampling, error handling, and exception logging....261

Context propagation, monitoring, and analyzing logs....263

Context propagation....264

Monitoring....264

Log analysis....265

Summary....265

Quiz time....266

Chapter 15: Interpreting Monitoring Data in Microservices....268

Metrics analysis....269

Log analysis....272

Alerting and thresholds....276

Visualization and dashboards....281

Correlation and context....287

Summary....289

Quiz time....291

Chapter 16: Analyzing Log Data in Microservices with Node.js....292

Log levels and severities....293

Request tracing, contextual information, and event sequencing and order....295

Request tracing....295

Contextual information....296

Event sequencing and order....296

Advantages and considerations of request tracing, contextual information, and event sequencing and order....297

Log format, structured logging, and log filtering and search....297

Log format....298

Structured logging....298

Log filtering and search....298

Advantages and considerations of log format, structured logging, and log filtering and search....299

Log aggregation, centralized log management, visualization, and log analysis tools....300

Log aggregation....300

Centralized log management....300

Visualization....301

Log analysis tools....301

Advantages and considerations of log aggregation, centralized log management, visualization, and log analysis tools....301

Correlation of log data with metrics and monitoring data....302

Summary....304

Quiz time....304

Final words....305

Index....306

About Packt....320

Other Books You May Enjoy....321

Do you want to immerse yourself in the world of microservices? Building Microservices with Node.js will guide you through migration from a monolithic architecture to microservices. With this book, you'll acquire a deep understanding of microservices architecture and apply it confidently in your web application projects.

As you progress, you'll be guided through the process of creating a simple application and incorporating the Node.js framework into it, along with its commonly used libraries. You'll learn how the framework operates, how to configure it, and how to develop handlers for the web framework. Furthermore, you'll explore how to deploy your application to a production server while going through the intricacies of JavaScript and Node.js. Later chapters will show you how to approach microservices in Node.js, implement them effectively, and integrate RESTful APIs. Additionally, you'll gain insights into service-to-service authentication and authorization and learn how to work with databases and caching. To ensure a comprehensive understanding of the topic, you'll get to grips with monitoring and logging in microservices with Node.js.

By the end of this microservices book, you'll be able to develop a web app using the Node.js framework, configure it, extend it using libraries available for this framework, and launch it using best practices.

What you will learn

• Design domain-oriented microservices using domain-driven design (DDD)
• Understand collaboration techniques for inter-microservice communication and learn how to design an API gateway
• Automate microservice integration and deployment
• Split a monolith safely into microservices and understand how to test microservices effectively
• Use and implement microservices in Kubernetes and Docker environments
• Get to grips with best practices for maintaining microservices at scale

Who this book is for

This microservices and Node.js book is for backend developers, full-stack developers, software architects, and frontend developers who want to venture into the world of backend development and extend their capabilities. A fundamental understanding of the JavaScript ecosystem will be helpful but not necessary, as this book will cover the essentials of backend development, JavaScript programming, and Node.js.