Statistical Analysis with R Essentials For Dummies®

Title Page....8

Copyright....9

Introduction....11

About This Book....11

Foolish Assumptions....11

Icons Used in This Book....12

Where to Go from Here....12

Chapter 1: Data, Statistics, and Decisions....13

The Statistical (and Related) Notions You Just Have to Know....13

Inferential Statistics: Testing Hypotheses....18

Chapter 2: Introducing R....21

Downloading R and RStudio....21

A Session with R....24

R Functions....29

User-Defined Functions....31

R Structures....33

for Loops and if Statements....43

Chapter 3: Digging Deeper Into R....46

Packages....46

More on Packages....49

R Formulas....51

Reading and Writing....52

Chapter 4: Finding Your Center....58

Means: The Lure of Averages....58

The Average in R: mean()....60

Medians: Caught in the Middle....62

The Median in R: median()....63

Statistics à la Mode....63

The Mode in R....64

Chapter 5: Deviating from the Average....65

Measuring Variation....65

Back to the Roots: Standard Deviation....71

Standard Deviation in R....72

Conditions, Conditions, Conditions …....73

Chapter 6: Standards, Standings, and Summaries....75

Catching Some Zs....75

Standard Scores in R....76

Where Do You Stand?....77

Creating Summaries....81

How Many?....82

The High and the Low....84

Summarizing a Data Frame....84

Chapter 7: What’s Normal?....87

Hitting the Curve....87

Distributions in R....91

A Distinguished Member of the Family....94

Chapter 8: The Confidence Game: Estimation....96

Understanding Sampling Distributions....97

An EXTREMELY Important Idea: The Central Limit Theorem....98

Confidence: It Has its Limits!....100

Fit to a t....103

Chapter 9: One-Sample Hypothesis Testing....107

Hypotheses, Tests, and Errors....107

Hypothesis Tests and Sampling Distributions....109

Catching Some Z's Again....111

Z Testing in R....114

t for One....116

t Testing in R....117

Working with t-Distributions....118

Chapter 10: Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing....119

Hypotheses Built for Two....119

Sampling Distributions Revisited....120

t for Two....128

Like Peas in a Pod: Equal Variances....128

t-Testing in R....130

A Matched Set: Hypothesis Testing for Paired Samples....133

Paired Sample t-testing in R....135

Chapter 11: Testing More Than Two Samples....136

Testing More Than Two....136

ANOVA in R....142

Another Kind of Hypothesis, Another Kind of Test....148

Getting Trendy....152

Trend Analysis in R....153

Chapter 12: Linear Regression....155

The Plot of Scatter....155

Regression: What a Line!....157

Testing Hypotheses about Regression....162

Linear Regression in R....165

Making Predictions....167

Chapter 13: Correlation: The Rise and Fall of Relationships....168

Understanding Correlation....168

Correlation and Regression....170

Testing Hypotheses About Correlation....173

Analyzing Correlation in R....175

Chapter 14: Ten Valuable Online Resources....176

R-bloggers....176

Posit....176

Quick-R....176

Stack Overflow....177

R Manuals....177

R Documentation....177

RDocumentation....177

YOU CANanalytics....178

Geocomputation with R....178

The R Journal....178

Index....179

About the Author....208

Connect with Dummies....212

End User License Agreement....214

The easy way to get started coding and analyzing data in the R programming language

Statistical Analysis with R Essentials For Dummies is your reference to all the core concepts about R―the widely used, open-source programming language and data analysis tool. This no-nonsense book gets right to the point, eliminating review material, wordy explanations, and fluff. Understand all you need to know about the foundations of R, swiftly and clearly. Perfect for a brush-up on the basics or as an everyday desk reference on the job, this is the reliable little book you can always turn to for answers.

• Get a quick and thorough intro to the basic concepts of coding for data analysis in R
• Review what you've already learned or pick up essential new skills
• Perform statistical analysis for school, business, and beyond with R programming
• Keep this concise reference book handy for jogging your memory as you work

This book is to the point, focusing on the key topics readers need to know about this popular programming language. Great for supplementing classroom learning, reviewing for a certification, or staying knowledgeable on the job.