Modern Web Development with Go: Build real-world, fast, efficient and scalable web server apps using Go programming language

Cover Page....2

Title Page....3

Copyright Page....4

Foreword....5

Dedication Page....6

About the Author....7

Technical Reviewers....8

Acknowledgements....9

Preface....10

Errata....12

Table of Contents....15

1. Basic Concepts of Go Programming Language....24

Introduction....24

Structure....24

Fundamentals of Go programming language....24

Advantages of Go programming language....25

Go Playground....26

Keywords....27

Packages....28

Basic data types....29

Variables....31

Type conversion....32

Constants....32

Complex data types....34

Pointers....34

Struct....35

Arrays....37

Maps....39

Control structures....40

If statement....41

Switch statement....42

For loop....43

Defer....45

Functions....47

Conclusion....52

References....52

Points to remember....52

Multiple choice questions....53

Answers....54

Questions....54

Key terms....55

2. Advanced Concepts of Go Programming Language....57

Introduction....57

Structure....57

Methods....57

Interfaces....59

Generics....62

Panics....63

Concurrency....64

Goroutines....64

Channels....65

Mutex....67

WaitGroup....68

Go Scheduler....70

Garbage collector....71

Go modules....72

Conclusion....73

Points to remember....73

Multiple choice questions....74

Answers....75

Questions....75

Key terms....75

3. Web Servers....77

Introduction....77

Structure....77

Servers....77

Web servers....79

Proxies....81

REST....82

HTTP....84

HTTP flow....85

HTTP messages....85

HTTP methods....87

HTTP status codes....87

Additional functionalities....89

HTTP and REST....89

JSON....89

JSON and Go....91

Routing....92

Conclusion....93

Points to remember....94

Multiple choice questions....94

Answers....95

Questions....95

Key terms....96

4. Setting up a Project With Go Programming Language....97

Introduction....97

Structure....97

Go installation....98

Linux....98

Windows....99

Mac....100

Setting up an IDE....101

IDE installation....101

Visual Studio Code extension for Go....101

Project creation....103

Package creation....105

Standard library....107

Third-party libraries....116

net/http package....118

Constants....118

Variables....120

Functions....122

Types....124

Simple HTTP server....125

Conclusion....126

References....127

Points to Remember....127

Multiple choice questions....127

Answers....128

Questions....128

Key terms....128

5. Design of Web Application....130

Introduction....130

Structure....130

Software development life cycle (SDLC)....131

General approaches for application design....132

Micro-kernel (plug-in) design pattern....133

Command and Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) design pattern....135

Combine (hybrid) design pattern....136

Layered design pattern....137

Controller (handler) layer: handling HTTP requests....139

Service (core) layer: business logic....140

Repository (data) layer: queries and database operations....141

Database layer....141

Planning phase....141

Defining business requirements....142

Defining use cases....143

Design phase....143

High-level system design....144

API design....145

Database design....147

Conclusion....149

Points to remember....149

Multiple choice questions....149

Answers....150

Questions....151

Key terms....151

6. Application Layers....153

Introduction....153

Structure....153

Code organization....154

Models....155

Main function....157

Configuration....158

HTTP server....162

Initialization....163

Start....165

Development of controller layer....165

Runners controller....166

Results controller....171

Development of service layer....173

Runners service....173

Results service....180

Conclusion....186

References....186

Points to remember....186

Multiple choice questions....187

Answers....187

Questions....188

Key terms....188

7. Relational Databases and Repository Layer....189

Introduction....189

Structure....189

Relational databases....190

SQL....192

SELECT command....193

Modification commands....194

Aggregate functions....195

JOIN....196

Table definition commands....197

PostgreSQL....199

Setting up a database....199

Repository layer....210

Database layer....233

MySQL....235

Setting up a database....235

Repository layer....243

Database layer....248

Improvements....249

Conclusion....250

References....250

Points to remember....250

Multiple choice questions....251

Answers....251

Questions....252

Key terms....252

8. NoSQL Databases and Repository Layer....253

Introduction....253

Structure....253

NoSQL databases....254

MongoDB....254

Database design....256

Read operations....256

Write operations....260

Aggregation pipeline....263

Setting up a database....265

Repository layer....272

Database layer....293

DynamoDB....295

Database design....297

Read operations....298

Write operations....301

Setting up a database....305

Repository layer....310

Database layer....328

Improvements....335

Conclusion....336

References....337

Points to remember....337

Multiple choice questions....337

Answers....338

Questions....338

Key terms....338

9. Testing....340

Introduction....340

Structure....340

Testing fundamentals....340

Manual testing....342

Testing with Go....344

Unit tests....345

Integration tests....350

Testing with Visual Studio Code....355

Conclusion....357

References....357

Points to remember....357

Multiple choice questions....358

Answers....358

Questions....359

Key terms....359

10. Security....360

Introduction....360

Structure....360

Authentication and authorization....360

API design....363

Database design....364

Models....365

HTTP server....365

Controller layer....367

Users controller....367

Other controllers....370

Service layer....371

Setting up a database....376

Repository layer....377

Testing....382

Conclusion....384

Points to remember....384

Multiple choice questions....385

Answers....385

Questions....385

Key terms....386

11. Deploying Web Application....387

Introduction....387

Structure....387

Docker....388

Setting up Docker....390

Docker commands....391

Dockerizing application....393

Docker compose....395

Kubernetes....397

Setting up a local Kubernetes cluster....398

Kubectl commands....402

Deploying on Kubernetes....403

Google Cloud Platform....410

Setting up a database....410

Deployment of a web server application....413

Conclusion....416

References....417

Points to remember....417

Multiple choice questions....417

Answers....418

Questions....418

Key terms....418

12. Monitoring and Alerting....419

Introduction....419

Structure....419

Prometheus....419

Prometheus query language....421

Setting up Prometheus....423

Custom Prometheus metrics....424

Grafana....430

Setting up Grafana....430

Creating Grafana dashboard....435

Alerting....441

Conclusion....442

References....442

Points to remember....442

Multiple choice questions....443

Answers....443

Questions....444

Key terms....444

Index....445

In this book, we are going to learn how to design, develop and deploy Web Server Applications using the Go programming language. In recent years, Go has become the industrial standard for these kinds of applications; so by learning this, a lot of good opportunities can be opened in the market. All subjects will be covered through various practical examples.

This book will cover the state-of-the-art technology for the development of Web Applications and follow all industrial standards. At the beginning we will do the preparation for development. Here, we will learn the basics of the Go programming language, the basics of Web Servers, how to set up a project with Go, and how to design software solutions.

Later, we will concentrate more on development. We will learn how to develop the application designed in the previous chapters, how to use different types of databases, how to test our application, and how to make it secure. At the end of the book, we will show how to deploy the application and monitor it after deployment.

After reading this book, the readers can independently develop Web Server Applications or include themselves in already-started projects.

What you will learn

• Solve common problems with the Go programming language.
• Be familiar with the terms related to server applications.
• Understand the phases in the software development process.
• Be able to independently design software solutions and use some best practices.
• Be familiar with multiple different database management solutions (relational and NoSQL) and be able to predict which best suits their needs.
• Learn how to deploy applications.
• Understand and know how to apply monitoring and alerting concepts.

Who is this book for?

The book is for beginners and experienced developers who want to learn and have a thorough introduction to web development using the Go programming language. With a lot of practical examples and guidelines on how to install and configure specific tools, beginners will easily understand and follow the content covered in this book. On the other hand, more experienced developers will certainly find some useful tips and tricks.