Expert C++: Become a proficient programmer by learning coding best practices with C++17 and C++20's latest features. 2 Ed

Cover....1

Title Page....2

Copyright and Credits....3

Contributors....5

About the reviewers....6

Table of Contents....8

Preface....18

Part 1: Under the Hood of C++ Programming....24

Chapter 1: Building C++ Applications....26

Technical requirements....27

Building C++ applications....27

Preprocessing....29

Compiling....32

Linking....35

Low-level programming with C++....40

Functions....40

Data and memory....46

Control flow....60

Details of OOP....63

Class relationships....73

Summary....75

Chapter 2: Beyond Object-Oriented Programming....76

Technical requirements....77

An introduction to OOP and the C++ object model....77

Understanding objects....77

Low-level details of objects....77

High-level details of objects....80

C++ object model....81

State....85

Identity....86

Behavior....87

Mimicking a class....88

Working with classes....90

Classes from a compiler perspective....92

Initialization and destruction....94

Copying objects....96

Moving objects....99

An lvalue reference....100

Rvalue references....101

Notes on operator overloading....103

Encapsulation and the public interface....105

Class relationships....108

Aggregation and composition....109

Under the hood of inheritance and polymorphism....110

Inheritance....110

Polymorphism....120

Virtual functions under the hood....122

Classical design patterns....125

The composite pattern....127

The decorator pattern....133

Design principles....138

The single responsibility principle....138

The open-closed principle....140

The Liskov substitution principle....142

The interface segregation principle....145

The dependency inversion principle....147

More UML in project design....148

The sequence diagram....148

Summary....153

Questions....153

Further reading....154

Chapter 3: Understanding and Designing Templates....156

Technical requirements....157

Motivation for using templates....157

Function templates....157

Syntax....158

Instantiation....159

Deduction....160

Specialization and overloading....160

Class templates....162

Syntax....162

Instantiation....163

Specialization....166

Understanding variadic templates....170

Syntax....170

Examples....171

Exploring template parameters and arguments....172

Template parameters....173

Non-type template parameter....173

Type template parameter....174

Template template parameter....176

Template arguments....177

Traits....181

Type trait implementation....181

Optimizing algorithms using traits....183

TMP and its applications....185

Summary....186

Questions....187

Further reading....187

Chapter 4: Template Meta Programming....190

Technical requirements....190

Back to basics (compile-time programming with templates)....191

Compile-time evaluation using constexpr....199

Constant expression-specified constructors (constexpr)....202

SFINAE AND enable_if<>....206

Argument substitution failure....207

Disabling templates with enable_if<>....210

Type traits....214

isFundamental....218

isArithmetic....219

isScalar....220

isConst....222

isVolatile....223

isPolymorphic....223

isAbstract....224

is_signed....225

Summary....225

Questions....226

Chapter 5: Memory Management and Smart Pointers....228

Technical requirements....229

Understanding computer memory....229

Designing a memory storage device....229

Understanding computer memory from a higher-level perspective....232

An example of memory management....243

Using smart pointers....246

Leveraging the RAII idiom....246

std::unique_ptr....249

std::shared_ptr and std::weak_ptr....251

Garbage collection....253

Using allocators....257

Types of allocators....258

Summary....265

Questions....266

Part 2: Designing Robust and Efficient Applications....268

Chapter 6: Digging into Data Structures and Algorithms in STL....270

Technical requirements....271

Sequential data structures....271

STL containers....276

Iterating containers....283

Concepts and iterators....287

Understanding concepts....287

Using iterators in C++20....289

Node-based data structures....290

Graphs and trees....295

Trees....295

Graphs....296

Hash tables....299

Algorithms....300

Search algorithms....300

Sorting....301

Summary....302

Further reading....302

Questions....303

Chapter 7: Advanced Data Structures....304

Technical requirements....306

B-trees....306

Searching....310

Insertion....313

Deletion....318

Implementation details of std::unordered_map....323

How std::unordered_map organizes element storing and how elements are inserted into or searched in std::unordered_map....324

Hash functions and strategies that are used to implement them....326

Digit selection....327

Folding....327

Using modulo....328

Collisions and how they are handled....329

Heaps and their applications....331

Advanced lists....341

Skip lists....342

XOR lists....347

Summary....349

Questions....350

Further reading....350

Chapter 8: Functional Programming....352

Technical requirements....353

Functional programming revealed....353

Using ranges....356

First-class and higher-order functions....360

Why use functional programming?....364

Principles of functional programming....366

Pure functions....366

Folding....368

Delving more deeply into recursion....369

Head recursion....372

Tail recursion....373

Metaprogramming in functional C++....374

Summary....377

Questions....378

Further reading....378

Chapter 9: Concurrency and Multithreading....380

Technical requirements....381

Understanding concurrency and multithreading....381

Processes....383

Threads....391

Working with threads....395

Waiting for threads....396

Using std::jthread....399

Passing arguments to the thread function....401

Managing threads and sharing data....402

Sharing data....405

Protecting shared data using a mutex....405

Avoiding deadlocks....406

Designing concurrent code....407

Introducing coroutines....409

Summary....412

Questions....412

Further reading....413

Chapter 10: Designing Concurrent Data Structures....414

Technical requirements....414

Thread safety....415

Lock-based concurrent data structures....415

A thread-safe singleton pattern....416

Synchronized counters....420

Concurrent stacks....422

Lock-free concurrent data structures....424

Using atomic types....425

Operations on atomic types....427

Lock-free stacks....429

A lock-free queue....432

A lock-free hashtable....433

A lock-free set....435

More operations on atomics....436

Summary....438

Questions....438

Further reading....438

Chapter 11: Designing World-Ready Applications....440

Technical requirements....440

Design patterns....441

Singleton....441

Factory....442

Adapter....443

Composite....443

Observer....444

Command....445

Applying design patterns....445

The problem....446

Trade-offs....446

Systemwide impact....446

Users....446

Using domain-driven design....446

An example of a real-world project....447

Summary....455

Questions....455

Further reading....456

Chapter 12: Incorporating Design Patterns in C++ Applications....458

Technical requirements....458

Design patterns in game development....459

The singleton pattern....459

The factory pattern....461

The flyway pattern....462

Design patterns in data-intensive applications....464

The proxy pattern....464

The decorator pattern....467

The iterator pattern....471

Design patterns in enterprise applications....471

SOA....472

Summary....472

Questions....473

Further reading....473

Chapter 13: Networking and Security....474

Technical requirements....474

Introduction to networks, the OSI model, and network programming using sockets....475

The OSI model....475

Network applications under the hood....477

Programming network applications using sockets....479

Understanding network protocols....480

Designing an echo server....483

Securing applications....486

Securing network applications....488

Summary....490

Questions....490

Further reading....491

Chapter 14: Debugging and Testing....492

Technical requirements....492

Understanding the root cause of an issue....492

RCA overview....493

Prevention is better than cure – good coding behavior....494

The uninitialized variable problem....495

Side effects in compound expressions....496

Mixed signed and unsigned problems....496

Order of evaluation problem....496

Compile-time checking versus runtime checking....497

Avoiding memory leaks....498

Debugging programs....499

Tools for debugging a C/C++ program....499

GDB overview....500

Examples of GDB....501

Setting breakpoints and inspection variable values....502

Practical debugging strategies....506

Static and dynamic analysis....507

Static analysis....507

Dynamic analysis....507

Testing, TDD, and BDD....508

Unit testing....509

TDD....511

BDD....512

Summary....513

Further reading....514

Chapter 15: Large-Scale Application Design....516

Technical requirements....517

The introduction of large-scale, cross-platform project organizing....517

Large-scale, cross-platform project organization in C++....517

A large-scale, cross-platform project in C++....518

Best practices and strategies for managing a large-scale, cross-platform project in C++....520

Horizontal and vertical scaling....521

Horizontal scaling....522

Vertical scaling....522

Scaling C++ applications....523

Horizontal scaling in C++....523

Vertical scaling in C++....523

Designing data-intensive applications....524

Data structure....526

Data processing....526

The main function....527

Summary....527

Questions....528

Further reading....529

Part 3: C++ in the AI World....530

Chapter 16: Understanding and Using C++ in Machine Learning Tasks....532

Technical requirements....533

Introduction to AI....533

Computer vision....535

NLP....537

Knowledge reasoning....538

ML....539

Understanding ML....540

Designing an algorithm that learns....542

Categories of ML....544

Applications of ML....546

Neural networks....547

Clustering....549

Regression analysis....550

C++ and ML....552

Summary....553

Questions....554

Further reading....554

Chapter 17: Using C++ in Data Science....556

Technical requirements....557

Introduction to data science....557

C++ example....558

Data capturing and manipulation....560

C++ example....561

Data cleansing and processing....563

C++ example....564

Applying machine learning algorithms....565

C++ example....567

Data visualization....569

C++ example....569

Summary....571

Questions....572

Further reading....572

Chapter 18: Designing and Implementing a Data Analysis Framework....574

Technical requirements....575

Using and processing statistical data types....575

C++ example....576

Working with tabular and rectangular data....578

C++ example....579

A complete ETL pipeline design strategy....581

C++ example....583

Summary....586

Questions....587

Further reading....587

Index....588

Other Books You May Enjoy....601

Are you an experienced C++ developer eager to take your skills to the next level? This updated edition of Expert C++ is tailored to propel you toward your goals.

This book takes you on a journey of building C++ applications while exploring advanced techniques beyond object-oriented programming. Along the way, you'll get to grips with designing templates, including template metaprogramming, and delve into memory management and smart pointers. Once you have a solid grasp of these foundational concepts, you'll advance to more advanced topics such as data structures with STL containers and explore advanced data structures with C++. Additionally, the book covers essential aspects like functional programming, concurrency, and multithreading, and designing concurrent data structures. It also offers insights into designing world-ready applications, incorporating design patterns, and addressing networking and security concerns. Finally, it adds to your knowledge of debugging and testing and large-scale application design.

With Expert C++ as your guide, you'll be empowered to push the boundaries of your C++ expertise and unlock new possibilities in software development.

What You Will Learn:

• Go beyond the basics to explore advanced C++ programming techniques
• Develop proficiency in advanced data structures and algorithm design with C++17 and C++20
• Implement best practices and design patterns to build scalable C++ applications
• Master C++ for machine learning, data science, and data analysis framework design
• Design world-ready applications, incorporating networking and security considerations
• Strengthen your understanding of C++ concurrency, multithreading, and optimizing performance with concurrent data structures

Who this book is for:

This book will empower experienced C++ developers to achieve advanced proficiency, enabling them to build professional-grade applications with the latest features of C++17 and C++20. If you're an aspiring software engineer or computer science student, you'll able to master advanced C++ programming techniques through real-world applications that will prepare you for complex projects and real-world challenges.