C# Programming for Absolute Beginners: Learn to Think Like a Programmer and Start Writing Code. 2 Ed

Table of Contents....5

About the Author....25

About the Technical Reviewer....26

Acknowledgments....27

Chapter 1: Getting Ready....28

C# Language....28

Whom Is This Book For....29

How the Book Differs from Others....29

How to Work with the Book....30

What to Install on Your Computer....31

Development Environment....31

Visual Studio....32

Windows Versions....32

Non-Windows Operating Systems....33

Installation....34

Free Registration....34

Updates and Feedback....35

Summary....36

Part I: Data....37

Chapter 2: Your First Program....38

Seeing It in Action....38

Creating the Project....38

Launching Visual Studio....39

Creating New Project....41

Writing the Program Code....42

The Look of the Development Environment....42

Knowing Where to Write Statements....44

Writing the Code....44

Understanding Your First Statements....46

Using IntelliSense....47

Saving the Project....47

Launching Your Program....48

Note....50

Changing Text Size....50

Dealing with Errors....51

Finishing Your Work....53

Restoring Your Work....53

Transferring Your Work....56

Using Solution Explorer....56

Summary....59

Chapter 3: Dealing with Output....60

Producing Numeric Output....60

Task....60

Solution....61

Discussion....62

Making Calculations....62

Task....62

Solution....63

Note....63

Making More Complex Calculations....63

Task....63

Solution....63

Discussion....64

Joining Text....65

Task....65

Solution....66

Outputting Special Characters....66

Task....66

Solution....67

Discussion....68

Using Preformatted Text....68

Task....69

Solution....69

Note....69

Adding 1 and 1....69

Task....69

Solution....70

Discussion....71

Summary....71

Chapter 4: Using Variables....72

Storing Text....72

Task....72

Solution....72

Discussion....73

Variable Declaration....73

Alternative....73

Assignment Statement....74

Storing Numbers....74

Task....74

Solution....74

Adding 1 and 1....75

Task....75

Solution....75

Discussion....76

Doing Calculations with Variables....76

Task....76

Solution....76

Discussion....77

Assembling a Grand Combination....77

Task....78

Solution....78

Discussion....79

Working with Decimal Numbers....79

Task....79

Solution....79

Discussion....80

Working with Logical Values....81

Task....81

Solution....81

Discussion....81

Summary....82

Chapter 5: Working with Objects....83

What Time Is It?....83

Task....83

Solution....84

What Date Is It Today?....84

Task....84

Solution....85

Working with Date Components....86

Task....86

Solution....86

Using Namespaces....87

Important using....87

Namespaces....89

Without usings....90

C# 9.0 Minimalistic Program....91

Using the Environment Object....94

Task....94

Solution....94

Summary....95

Chapter 6: Using Object Actions....97

Displaying the Month in Text....97

Task....97

Solution....98

Discussion....98

Displaying Tomorrow....98

Task....99

Solution....99

Displaying a Specific Date....100

Task....100

Solution....100

Rolling a Single Die....101

Task....101

Solution....101

Note....102

Rolling Two Dice....102

Task....102

Solution....103

Getting the Path to the Desktop....104

Task....105

Solution....105

Enumeration....106

Summary....107

Chapter 7: More About Objects....108

Text as an Object....108

Task....108

Solution....109

Discussion....109

Numbers as Objects....110

Task....110

Solution....111

Discussion....111

Formatting Numbers....112

Task....113

Solution....113

Localized Output....114

Task....114

Solution....115

Concluding Notes....116

Static Objects....116

Classes....117

Relation Between Class and Object....117

Special Classes....117

Structures....118

Summary....118

Part II: Calculations....119

Chapter 8: Input....120

Text Input....120

Task....120

Solution....121

Better Input....121

Task....121

Solution....122

Discussion....122

Numeric Input....122

Task....122

Solution....123

Discussion....124

Calculation with Entered Number....124

Task....124

Solution....125

Ten More....125

Task....125

Solution....126

Addition....126

Task....127

Solution....127

Incorrect Input....128

Task....128

Solution....128

What Happened....130

Interior of the catch Part....130

Complete Solution....130

Testing....131

Explanation....131

Summary....132

Chapter 9: Numbers....133

Decimal Input....133

Task....133

Solution....134

Localized Numeric Input....134

Task....135

Solution....135

Testing and Conclusions....136

Test with a Decimal Point....136

Test with a Decimal Comma....137

Further Conclusions....137

Basic Arithmetic....138

Task....138

Solution....138

Mathematical Functions....139

Task....139

Solution....140

Discussion....141

Integer Division....141

Task....142

Solution....143

Discussion....144

Summary....144

Chapter 10: Economic Calculations....146

Currency Conversion....146

Task....146

Solution....147

Total Price....147

Task....147

Solution....148

Discussion....149

Commissions....149

Task....150

Solution....150

Discussion....151

Rounding....152

Task....152

Solution....153

Further Rounding....154

Task....154

Solution....156

Discussion....158

Value-Added Tax....158

Task....158

Analysis....158

Solution....159

Summary....160

Chapter 11: Calculations with Dates....161

Date Input....161

Task....161

Solution....162

Discussion....163

Single Month....163

Task....163

Solution....163

Discussion....164

Quarter....165

Task....165

Analysis....166

Quarter’s Number....166

Quarter’s First Month Number....166

First and Last Days....166

Solution....167

Date Difference....167

Task....168

Solution....168

Time Zones and UTC....169

Task....169

Solution....170

Summary....171

Chapter 12: Understanding Different Kinds of Numbers....172

More Numeric Types....172

Task....172

Solution....173

Note....174

Discussion....174

Unsigned Numbers....174

Decimal Numbers....175

Special Type decimal....175

Memory Consumption....176

Task....176

Solution....177

Connections....177

Discussion....178

Overflow....178

Task....179

Solution....179

Discussion....180

Dealing with Overflow....180

Task....180

Solution....181

Note....182

Settings in Visual Studio....182

Results....184

First Alternative....185

Other Alternatives....185

Summary....185

Chapter 13: Accumulating Values....187

Ten More, Revisited....187

Task....188

Solution....188

Discussion....188

Compound Assignment....189

Task....189

Solution....189

Note....189

Further Compound Assignments....190

Task....190

Solution....190

Note....191

Incrementing and Decrementing....191

Task....191

Solution....192

Compound Assignment and Text....193

Task....193

Solution....193

Progressive Summation....194

Task....194

Solution....195

Multiple Text Join....196

Task....196

Solution....197

Note....198

Summary....198

Part III: Conditionals....199

Chapter 14: Essential Tools....200

IntelliSense....200

Exploring the Possibilities....200

Examples....201

Note....204

Keyboard Shortcuts....204

Documentation....205

docs.microsoft.com....205

Search....206

Specific Class Page....207

Common Search....209

Debugging Tools....210

Project....210

Stepping Through the Code....210

Terminate Stepping....211

Breakpoints....212

Using a Breakpoint....213

Removing a Breakpoint....213

Memory Inspection....213

C# Interactive....215

What Is It?....216

How to Launch It?....216

Notes....217

Summary....218

Chapter 15: Getting Started with Conditions....219

Password Input....219

Task....219

Analysis....220

The Program....220

Program Branching....221

Syntax....222

Solution....222

Discussion....223

Test....223

Reversed Condition....223

Task....223

Solution....223

Discussion....224

Length Check....224

Task....224

Solution....225

Note....226

Positive Numbers....226

Task....226

Solution....227

Discussion....228

Odd and Even Numbers....229

Task....229

Solution....230

Case Indifference....230

Task....231

Solution....231

Without Braces....232

Task....233

Solution....233

Greater of Two Numbers....233

Task....234

Solution....234

Without the else Branch....235

Task....235

Solution....236

Using a Built-in Function....236

Task....237

Solution....237

Summary....237

Chapter 16: Practical Conditions....239

Appending Extension....239

Task....239

Solution....240

Discussion....240

Extension Detection....241

Entering a Condition....241

Missing else Branch....241

Chaining....242

Head and Tail....242

Task....242

Solution....242

Discussion....243

Deadline Check....243

Task....243

Solution....244

Discussion....245

Invoice Date Check....245

Task....245

Solution....246

Discussion....247

Spanish Day of Week....247

Task....247

Solution....248

Discussion....249

Switch Statement....250

Task....250

Solution....250

Discussion....252

Summary....252

Chapter 17: Compound Conditions....253

Yes or No....253

Task....253

Solution....254

Discussion....255

Username and Password....255

Task....255

Solution....256

Discussion....257

Two Users....257

Task....258

Solution....258

Discussion....259

Precalculation of Conditions....259

Task....259

Solution....260

Discussion....261

Yes or No Reversed....261

Task....261

Solution....261

Discussion....262

Grade Check....262

Task....262

Solution....263

Better Range Check....264

Task....264

Solution....264

Summary....265

Chapter 18: Multiple Conditions....267

Soccer....267

Task....267

Analysis....268

Solution....270

Soccer Alternatively....271

Analysis....271

Solution....272

Minimum of Three Numbers....273

Task....273

Analysis....273

Solution....274

Minimum with Built-in Function....275

Solution....275

Linear Equation....276

Task....276

Analysis....276

Solution....277

Quadratic Equation....278

Task....278

Analysis....279

Solution....280

Discussion....281

Test....281

Summary....281

Chapter 19: Advanced Conditions....282

Conditional Operator....282

Task....282

Solution....283

Discussion....283

The Program....283

Terminology....283

Summary Evaluation....284

Task....284

Details....284

Solution....285

Discussion....288

Grade Inputs....288

Program Termination....288

Yes/No Input....288

Beware of Integer Division!....289

Decimal Arithmetic....289

Second Character Test....289

Task....289

Solution....291

Discussion....291

Getting the Character....292

Existence Test....292

An Experiment....292

Summary....293

Part IV: Loops....294

Chapter 20: First Loops....295

Repeating the Same Text....295

Task....295

Solution....296

Solution Using a Loop....297

Solution....297

How the for Loop Works....297

The Loop....299

Explore It Yourself....299

Tip....299

Choosing the Number of Repetitions....299

Task....299

Solution....300

Discussion....301

Throwing a Die Repeatedly....301

Task....301

Solution....302

Repeating Similar Lines....302

Task....302

Solution Without a Loop....303

Solution Using a Loop....304

Discussion....304

Control Variable....304

The Loop Starts at 1....305

Summary....305

Chapter 21: Improving Loops....306

Choosing Text....306

Task....306

Solution....307

Alternating Loop....307

Task....307

First Solution....308

Note....309

Second Solution....309

Notes....310

Third Solution....310

Rock-Scissors-Paper....311

Task....311

Solution....312

Discussion....314

Summary....314

Chapter 22: Number Series....316

Every Other....316

Task....316

Solution....317

Discussion....318

Alternative Solution....318

Descending Series....318

Task....318

Solution....319

Discussion....320

Decimal Numbers....320

Task....320

Seemingly Correct Solution....321

Testing....322

The Cause of the Error....322

Correct Solution....323

Second Powers....324

Task....324

Solution....325

Two in a Row....325

Task....325

Solution....326

Two Independent Series....327

Task....327

Solution....328

Discussion....329

Summary....329

Chapter 23: Unknown Number of Repetitions....331

Entering a Password....331

Task....331

Solution....332

do-while Construction....333

This Case....333

Variable Outside of the Loop....333

Tip....333

Waiting for Descend....333

Task....334

Solution....334

Discussion....335

Every Week Until the End of Year....335

Task....335

Solution....336

As Long As the Number Six Is Being Thrown....337

Task....337

Solution....338

Until the Second Six....339

Task....339

Solution....340

Until Two Sixes in a Row....340

Task....341

Solution....341

Summary....342

Chapter 24: Accumulating Intermediate Results....344

Sum of the Entered Numbers....344

Task....344

Solution....345

Product of the Entered Numbers....345

Task....346

Solution....346

Discussion....347

The Greatest....347

Task....347

Solution....348

The Second Greatest....349

Task....349

Solution....350

Output of All Entered Names....352

Task....352

Solution....352

Discussion....354

Summary....354

Chapter 25: Advanced Loops....355

Thank God It’s Friday (TGIF)....355

Task....355

Solution....356

Discussion....356

While Loop....357

This Case....357

TimeSpan Object....357

Power....357

Task....357

Solution....358

Sine....359

Task....359

Analysis....359

Infinite Series....360

Series Members....360

Factorial....360

Power....360

Solution....361

Enhancement....362

Moon Landing....362

Task....362

Physical Model....364

Solution....365

Summary....367

Personal Notes....367

Dice....368

The Sine Task....368

Moon Landing....368

Concluding Wish....369

Index....370

In this book, you will learn how to create real programs. To do this, you need to learn a programming language that gives instructions to the computer. Programming languages allow computers and humans to interact. They are strict enough for computers to understand, but they are also human enough for programmers to write code.Over time, many programming languages have been developed. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses. For this book, we will be using the C# language. It is my favorite language for both professional development and teaching. It was created about 20 years ago, so the developers avoided some of the flaws of older languages. It has also been tested over time and is not likely to be replaced by a new language soon.C# is the flagship language of Microsoft and is quite versatile. You can use it for many different projects.To write a variety of programs, ranging from traditional console and desktop applications, through websites and services, to mobile development, for both business and entertainment. Originally developed on Windows, it has quickly spread to other platforms in recent years, such as Linux, Mac, Android, and iOS.