C# 10.0 All-in-One For Dummies

Title Page....5

Copyright Page....6

Table of Contents....9

Introduction....25

About This Book....25

Foolish Assumptions....26

Icons Used in This Book....27

Beyond the Book....27

Where to Go from Here....28

Book 1 The Basics of C# Programming....29

Chapter 1 Creating Your First C# Console Application....31

Getting a Handle on Computer Languages, C#, and .NET....32

What’s a program?....32

What’s C#?....33

What’s .NET?....33

What is Visual Studio 2022?....34

Creating Your First Console Application....35

Creating the source program....35

Taking it out for a test drive....41

Making Your Console App Do Something....41

Reviewing Your Console Application....42

The program framework....43

Comments....43

The meat of the program....43

Replacing All that Ceremonial Code: Top-Level Statements....44

Introducing the Toolbox Trick....45

Saving code in the Toolbox....46

Reusing code from the Toolbox....46

Interacting with C# Online....47

Working with Jupyter Notebook: The Short Version....47

Chapter 2 Living with Variability — Declaring Value-Type Variables....49

Declaring a Variable....50

What’s an int?....51

Rules for declaring variables....52

Variations on a theme: Different types of int....52

Representing Fractions....54

Handling Floating-Point Variables....55

Declaring a floating-point variable....55

Examining some limitations of floating-point variables....56

Using the Decimal Type: Is It an Integer or a Float?....58

Declaring a decimal....59

Comparing decimals, integers, and floating-point types....59

Examining the bool Type: Is It Logical?....60

Checking Out Character Types....60

The char variable type....60

Special chars....61

The string type....61

What’s a Value Type?....63

Comparing string and char....64

Calculating Leap Years: DateTime....65

Declaring Numeric Constants....67

Changing Types: The Cast....68

Letting the C# Compiler Infer Data Types....70

Chapter 3 Pulling Strings....73

The Union Is Indivisible, and So Are Strings....74

Performing Common Operations on a String....75

Comparing Strings....76

Equality for all strings: The Compare() method....76

Would you like your compares with or without case?....80

What If I Want to Switch Case?....80

Distinguishing between all-uppercase and all-lowercase strings....80

Converting a string to upper- or lowercase....81

Looping through a String....82

Searching Strings....83

Can I find it?....83

Is my string empty?....84

Using advanced pattern matching....84

Getting Input from Users in Console Applications....85

Trimming excess white space....86

Parsing numeric input....86

Handling a series of numbers....88

Joining an array of strings into one string....90

Controlling Output Manually....91

Using the Trim() and Pad() methods....91

Using the Concatenate() method....93

Go Ahead and Split() that concatenate program....95

Formatting Your Strings Precisely....96

Using the String.Format() method....96

Using the interpolation method....101

StringBuilder: Manipulating Strings More Efficiently....101

Chapter 4 Smooth Operators....105

Performing Arithmetic....105

Simple operators....106

Operating orders....106

The assignment operator....108

The increment operator....108

Performing Logical Comparisons — Is That Logical?....109

Comparing floating-point numbers: Is your float bigger than mine?....110

Compounding the confusion with compound logical operations....111

Matching Expression Types at TrackDownAMate.com....113

Calculating the type of an operation....113

Assigning types....115

Changing how an operator works: Operator overloading....116

Chapter 5 Getting into the Program Flow....119

Branching Out with if and switch....120

Introducing the if statement....121

Examining the else statement....124

Avoiding even the else....125

Nesting if statements....126

Running the switchboard....128

Here We Go Loop-the-Loop....134

Looping for a while....135

Doing the do . . . while loop....138

Breaking up is easy to do....139

Looping until you get it right....140

Focusing on scope rules....144

Looping a Specified Number of Times with for....144

A for loop example....145

Why do you need another loop?....146

Nesting loops....147

Chapter 6 Lining Up Your Ducks with Collections....149

The C# Array....150

The argument for the array....150

The fixed-value array....151

The variable-length array....153

Initializing an array....156

Processing Arrays by Using foreach....157

Working with foreach loops in a standard way....157

Relying on GetEnumerator support....158

Sorting Arrays of Data....160

Using var for Arrays....163

Loosening Up with C# Collections....164

Understanding Collection Syntax....165

Figuring out ....166

Going generic....166

Using Lists....167

Instantiating an empty list....167

Creating a list of type int....168

Converting between lists and arrays....168

Searching lists....168

Performing other list tasks....169

Using Dictionaries....169

Creating a dictionary....169

Searching a dictionary....170

Iterating a dictionary....170

Array and Collection Initializers....171

Initializing arrays....172

Initializing collections....172

Using Sets....173

Performing special set tasks....173

Creating a set....174

Adding items to a set....174

Performing a union....175

Performing an intersection....176

Performing a difference....177

Chapter 7 Stepping through Collections....179

Iterating through a Directory of Files....180

Using the LoopThroughFiles program....180

Getting started....181

Obtaining the initial input....181

Creating a list of files....183

Formatting the output lines....184

Displaying the hexadecimal output....185

Running from inside Visual Studio....187

Iterating foreach Collections: Iterators....188

Accessing a collection: The general problem....188

Letting C# access data foreach container....191

Accessing Collections the Array Way: Indexers....193

Indexer format....193

An indexer program example....194

Looping Around the Iterator Block....197

Creating the required iterator block framework....198

Iterating days of the month: A first example....200

What a collection is, really....201

Iterator syntax gives up so easily....202

Iterator blocks of all shapes and sizes....204

Chapter 8 Buying Generic....211

Writing a New Prescription: Generics....212

Generics are type-safe....212

Generics are efficient....213

Classy Generics: Writing Your Own....214

Shipping packages at OOPs....214

Queuing at OOPs: PriorityQueue....215

Unwrapping the package....218

Touring Main()....220

Writing generic code the easy way....221

Saving PriorityQueue for last....222

Using a (nongeneric) Simple Factory class....225

Understanding Variance in Generics....229

Contravariance....230

Covariance....232

Chapter 9 Some Exceptional Exceptions....233

Using an Exceptional Error-Reporting Mechanism....234

About try blocks....235

About catch blocks....235

About finally blocks....236

What happens when an exception is thrown....237

Throwing Exceptions Yourself....239

Can I Get an Exceptional Example?....240

Working with Custom Exceptions....244

Planning Your Exception-Handling Strategy....245

Some questions to guide your planning....245

Guidelines for code that handles errors well....246

How to find out which methods throw which exceptions....247

Grabbing Your Last Chance to Catch an Exception....249

Throwing Expressions....250

Chapter 10 Creating Lists of Items with Enumerations....253

Seeing Enumerations in the Real World....254

Working with Enumerations....255

Using the enum keyword....255

Creating enumerations with initializers....257

Specifying an enumeration data type....258

Creating Enumerated Flags....259

Defining Enumerated Switches....261

Working with Enumeration Methods....262

Book 2 Object-Oriented C# Programming....265

Chapter 1 Showing Some Class....267

A Quick Overview of Object-Oriented Programming....268

Considering OOP basics....268

Extending classes to meet other needs....268

Keeping objects safe....269

Working with objects....270

Defining a Class and an Object....270

Defining a class....271

What’s the object?....273

Accessing the Members of an Object....274

Working with Object-Based Code....274

Using the traditional approach....274

Using the C# 9.0 approach....276

Discriminating between Objects....277

Can You Give Me References?....278

Classes That Contain Classes Are the Happiest Classes in the World....280

Generating Static in Class Members....281

Defining const and readonly Data Members....283

Chapter 2 We Have Our Methods....285

Defining and Using a Method....286

Method Examples for Your Files....287

Understanding the problem....288

Working with standard coding methods....289

Applying a refactoring approach....292

Working with local functions....295

Having Arguments with Methods....297

Passing an argument to a method....297

Passing multiple arguments to methods....298

Matching argument definitions with usage....300

Overloading a method doesn’t mean giving it too much to do....300

Implementing default arguments....302

Using the Call-by-Reference Feature....304

Defining a Method with No Return Value....305

Returning Multiple Values Using Tuples....306

Using a tuple....307

Relying on the Create() method....308

Creating tuples with more than two items....308

Chapter 3 Let Me Say This about this....311

Passing an Object to a Method....312

Comparing Static and Instance Methods....314

Employing static properties and methods effectively....315

Employing instance properties and methods effectively....317

Expanding a method’s full name....319

Accessing the Current Object....320

What is the this keyword?....322

When is the this keyword explicit?....323

Using Local Functions....324

Creating a basic local function....324

Using attributes with local functions....325

Chapter 4 Holding a Class Responsible....327

Restricting Access to Class Members....327

A public example of public BankAccount....328

Jumping ahead — other levels of security....330

Why You Should Worry about Access Control....331

Accessor methods....332

Working with init-only setters....333

Access control to the rescue — an example....335

Defining Class Properties....337

Static properties....339

Properties with side effects....339

Accessors with access levels....340

Using Target Typing for Your Convenience....340

Dealing with Covariant Return Types....343

Getting Your Objects Off to a Good Start — Constructors....344

The C#-Provided Constructor....345

Replacing the Default Constructor....346

Constructing something....348

Initializing an object directly with an initializer....350

Seeing that construction stuff with initializers....350

Initializing an object without a constructor....351

Using Expression-Bodied Members....353

Creating expression-bodied methods....353

Defining expression-bodied properties....353

Defining expression-bodied constructors and destructors....354

Defining expression-bodied property accessors....354

Defining expression-bodied event accessors....355

Chapter 5 Inheritance: Is That All I Get?....357

Why You Need Inheritance....358

Inheriting from a BankAccount Class (a More Complex Example)....359

Working with the basic update....360

Tracking the BankAccount and SavingsAccount classes features....363

IS_A versus HAS_A — I’m So Confused_A....366

The IS_A relationship....366

Gaining access to BankAccount by using containment....367

The HAS_A relationship....369

When to IS_A and When to HAS_A....370

Other Features That Support Inheritance....370

Substitutable classes....370

Invalid casts at runtime....371

Avoiding invalid conversions with the is operator....372

Avoiding invalid conversions with the as operator....373

Chapter 6 Poly-what-ism?....377

Overloading an Inherited Method....378

It’s a simple case of method overloading....378

Different class, different method....379

Peek-a-boo — hiding a base class method....379

Polymorphism....385

Using the declared type every time (Is that so wrong?)....386

Using is to access a hidden method polymorphically....388

Declaring a method virtual and overriding it....389

Getting the most benefit from polymorphism....392

C# During Its Abstract Period....392

Class factoring....393

The abstract class: Left with nothing but a concept....397

How do you use an abstract class?....398

Creating an abstract object — not!....401

Sealing a Class....401

Chapter 7 Interfacing with the Interface....403

Introducing CAN_BE_USED_AS....403

Knowing What an Interface Is....405

How to implement an interface....406

Using the newer C# 8.0 additions....407

How to name your interface....410

Why C# includes interfaces....410

Mixing inheritance and interface implementation....411

And he-e-e-re’s the payoff....411

Using an Interface....412

As a method return type....413

As the base type of an array or collection....413

As a more general type of object reference....414

Using the C# Predefined Interface Types....414

Looking at a Program That CAN_BE_USED_AS an Example....415

Creating your own interface at home in your spare time....415

Implementing the incomparable IComparable interface....416

Creating a list of students....418

Testing everything using Main()....419

Unifying Class Hierarchies....420

Hiding Behind an Interface....423

Inheriting an Interface....425

Using Interfaces to Manage Change in Object-Oriented Programs....426

Making flexible dependencies through interfaces....427

Abstract or concrete: When to use an abstract class and when to use an interface....428

Doing HAS_A with interfaces....429

Chapter 8 Delegating Those Important Events....431

E.T., Phone Home — The Callback Problem....432

Defining a Delegate....432

Pass Me the Code, Please — Examples....435

Delegating the task....435

First, a simple example....436

Considering the Action, Func, and Predicate delegate types....437

A More Real-World Example....439

Putting the app together....440

Setting the properties and adding event handlers....442

Looking at the workhorse code....443

Shh! Keep It Quiet — Anonymous Methods....445

Defining the basic anonymous method....445

Using static anonymous methods....446

Working with lambda discard parameters....448

Stuff Happens — C# Events....448

The Observer design pattern....449

What’s an event? Publish/Subscribe....449

How a publisher advertises its events....450

How subscribers subscribe to an event....451

How to publish an event....451

How to pass extra information to an event handler....452

A recommended way to raise your events....453

How observers “handle” an event....454

Chapter 9 Can I Use Your Namespace in the Library?....457

Dividing a Single Program into Multiple Source Files....458

Working with Global using Statements....459

Dividing a Single Program into Multiple Assemblies....461

Executable or library?....461

Assemblies....461

Executables....462

Class libraries....463

Putting Your Classes into Class Libraries....463

Creating the projects for a class library....463

Creating a stand-alone class library....464

Adding a second project to an existing solution....466

Creating the code for the library....469

Using a test application to test a library....470

Going Beyond Public and Private: More Access Keywords....472

Internal: For CIA eyes only....472

Protected: Sharing with subclasses....475

Putting Classes into Namespaces....477

Declaring a namespace....478

Using file-scoped namespaces....480

Relating namespaces to the access keyword story....480

Using fully qualified names....482

Working with partial classes....483

Working with Partial Methods....487

Defining what partial methods do....487

Creating a partial method....488

Chapter 10 Improving Productivity with Named and Optional Parameters....489

Exploring Optional Parameters....490

Working with optional value parameters....490

Avoiding optional reference types....492

Looking at Named Parameters....494

Using Alternative Methods to Return Values....494

Output (out) parameters....495

Working with out variables....495

Returning values by reference....496

Dealing with null Parameters....497

Chapter 11 Interacting with Structures....499

Comparing Structures to Classes....500

Considering struct limits....500

Understanding the value type difference....501

Determining when to use struct versus class....501

Creating Structures....502

Defining a basic struct....502

Including common struct elements....503

Using supplemental struct elements....506

Working with Read-only Structures....509

Working with Reference Structures....511

Using Structures as Records....513

Managing a single record....513

Adding structures to arrays....513

Overriding methods....514

Using the New Record Type....515

Comparing records to structures and classes....515

Working with a record....516

Using the positional syntax for property definition....517

Understanding value equality....518

Creating safe changes: Nondestructive mutation....518

Using the field keyword....519

Book 3 Designing for C#....521

Chapter 1 Writing Secure Code....523

Designing Secure Software....524

Determining what to protect....524

Documenting the components of the program....525

Decomposing components into functions....526

Identifying potential threats in functions....526

Building Secure Windows Applications....527

Authentication using Windows logon....527

Encrypting information....531

Deployment security....531

Using System.Security....532

Chapter 2 Accessing Data....533

Getting to Know System.Data....534

How the Data Classes Fit into the Framework....536

Getting to Your Data....536

Using the System.Data Namespace....537

Setting up a sample database schema....537

Creating the data access project....538

Connecting to a data source....538

Working with the visual tools....543

Writing data code....545

Chapter 3 Fishing the File Stream....549

Going Where the Fish Are: The File Stream....549

Streams....550

Readers and writers....551

StreamWriting for Old Walter....552

Using the stream: An example....553

Using some better fishing gear: The using statement....558

Pulling Them Out of the Stream: Using StreamReader....561

More Readers and Writers....563

Exploring More Streams than Lewis and Clark....565

Chapter 4 Accessing the Internet....567

Getting to Know System.Net....568

How Net Classes Fit into the Framework....569

Understanding the System.Net subordinate namespaces....569

Working with the System.Net classes....572

Using the System.Net Namespace....573

Checking the network status....573

Downloading a file from the Internet....575

Emailing a status report....577

Logging network activity....580

Chapter 5 Creating Images....583

Getting to Know System.Drawing....584

Graphics....585

Pens....586

Brushes....587

Text....587

How the Drawing Classes Fit into the Framework....588

Using the System.Drawing Namespace....589

Getting started....589

Setting up the project....591

Handling the score....591

Creating an event connection....593

Drawing the board....594

Printing the score....596

Starting a new game....598

Chapter 6 Programming Dynamically!....599

Shifting C# Toward Dynamic Typing....600

Employing Dynamic Programming Techniques....602

Putting Dynamic to Use....604

Classic examples....604

Making static operations dynamic....605

Understanding what’s happening under the covers....605

Running with the Dynamic Language Runtime....606

Using Static Anonymous Functions....609

Book 4 A Tour of Visual Studio....611

Chapter 1 Getting Started with Visual Studio....613

Versioning the Versions....614

An overview of Visual Studio 2022 updates....614

Community edition....616

Professional edition....618

Enterprise edition....618

MSDN....619

Installing Visual Studio....620

Breaking Down the Projects....621

Exploring the Create a New Project dialog box....624

Understanding solutions and projects....625

Chapter 2 Using the Interface....627

Designing in the Designer....628

Universal Windows Platform (UWP) application....628

Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)....631

Windows Forms....633

Data View....633

Paneling the Studio....634

Solution Explorer....634

Properties....637

The Toolbox....638

Server Explorer....639

Class View....641

Coding in the Code Editor....642

Exercising the Code Editor....642

Exploring the auxiliary windows....643

Using the Tools of the Trade....645

The Tools menu....646

Building....647

Using the Debugger as an Aid to Learning....647

Stepping through code....647

Going to a particular code location....648

Watching application data....649

Viewing application internals....650

Chapter 3 Customizing Visual Studio....651

Setting Options....652

Environment....653

Language....654

Neat stuff....655

Creating Your Own Templates....656

Developing a project template....656

Developing an item template....659

Book 5 Windows Development with WPF....663

Chapter 1 Introducing WPF....665

Understanding What WPF Can Do....666

Introducing XAML....667

Diving In! Creating Your First WPF Application....668

Declaring an application-scoped resource....671

Making the application do something....672

Whatever XAML Can Do, C# Can Do Better!....674

Chapter 2 Understanding the Basics of WPF....677

Using WPF to Lay Out Your Application....678

Arranging Elements with Layout Panels....679

The Stack panel....680

The Wrap panel....684

The Dock panel....685

Canvas....686

The Grid....686

Putting it all together with a simple data entry form....693

Exploring Common XAML Controls....696

Display-only controls....696

Basic input controls....698

List-based controls....701

Chapter 3 Data Binding in WPF....705

Getting to Know Dependency Properties....706

Exploring the Binding Modes....707

Investigating the Binding Object....707

Defining a binding with XAML....708

Defining a binding with C#....710

Editing, Validating, Converting, and Visualizing Your Data....711

Validating data....717

Converting your data....721

Finding Out More about WPF Data Binding....729

Chapter 4 Practical WPF....731

Commanding Attention....732

Traditional event handling....732

ICommand....733

Routed commands....734

Using Built-In Commands....735

Using Custom Commands....737

Defining the interface....737

Creating the window binding....738

Ensuring that the command can execute....738

Performing the task....739

Using Routed Commands....741

Defining the Command class....741

Making the namespace accessible....742

Adding the command bindings....742

Developing a user interface....742

Developing the custom command code-behind....743

Chapter 5 Programming for Windows 10 and Above....745

What is the Universal Windows Platform (UWP)?....746

Devices Supported by the UWP....749

Creating Your Own UWP App....750

Configuring Developer Mode....750

Defining the project....756

Creating an interface....758

Adding some background code....762

Choosing a test device....763

Working with .NET Core Applications....764

Book 6 Web Development with ASP.NET....767

Chapter 1 Creating a Basic ASP.NET Core App....769

Understanding the ASP.NET Core Templates....770

Starting with nothing using ASP.NET Core Empty....770

Creating a basic app using the ASP.NET Core Web App....772

Fumbling around with HTTPS-enabled sites....773

Building in business logic using ASP.NET Core App (Model-View-Controller)....775

Developing a programming interface using ASP.NET Core Web API....776

An overview of those other weird templates....777

Developing a Basic Web App....778

Creating the project....778

Considering the development process....780

Adding web content....781

Making some basic changes to the first page....783

Chapter 2 Employing the Razor Markup Language....785

Avoiding Nicks from Razor....786

Comparing Razor to its predecessors....786

Considering the actual file layout....787

Understanding the syntax rules for C#....790

Working with some Razor basics....791

Creating Variables....794

Keeping Things Logical....795

Starting simply by using if....795

Sleeping at the switch....795

Implementing Loops....796

Creating an array....796

Performing tasks a specific number of times using for....797

Processing an unknown number of times using foreach and while....797

Chapter 3 Generating and Consuming Data....799

Understanding Why These Projects Are Important....800

Serialized Data Isn’t for Breakfast....801

Developing a Data Generator and API....802

Creating the WeatherForecast project....802

Making the data believable....805

Looking at the API configuration....807

Checking the API for functionality....808

Creating a Consumer Website....810

Creating the RetrieveWeatherForecast project....810

Developing a user interface....811

Getting and deserializing the data....813

Seeing the application in action....817

Index....819

EULA....867

C# is one of the most popular programming languages, and frequent updates help it keep pace as the world of coding changes. You can keep pace too, thanks to C# 10.0 All-in-One For Dummies, where you'll learn the basics of the language itself, how to code in Visual Studio, and how to take advantage of the new features in the latest release. At every stage of your career, you'll need to know the cutting-edge trends and techniques that clients want. This book has your back, with info on object-oriented programming, writing secure code, building web applications, and more.

The six standalone mini-books you'll find inside this all-in-one will take you through the changes to C# and the practical applications and dev tools that you need to know. New features covered include records, init only setters, top-level statements, pattern matching enhancements, fit and finish features, and a lot more. Plus, this version is packed with more examples and code snippets, so you can sharply see C# in action!

• Learn the very basics of C# programming, even if you have no prior experience
• Refresh your knowledge of the language and learn how to use the new features in the 10.0 version release
• Read six mini-books on hot coding topics like object-oriented programming, Visual Studio, and Windows 10 development
• Enhance your employability and join the 6.5-million-strong community of C# developers

You need an easy-to-read C# guide that will help you understand the incoming updates, and this For Dummies reference is it.