Azure Kubernetes Services with Microservices: Understanding Its Patterns and Architecture

Table of Contents....5

About the Authors....10

About the Technical Reviewer....11

Acknowledgments....12

Chapter 1: Introduction to Microservices and AKS....13

Introduction....13

The History of Distributed Computing....14

Client Server Model....14

Component Technology....16

Web Services....16

Service Oriented Architecture....17

What Are Microservices?....18

Monoliths vs. Microservices....19

Introduction to the Cloud-Native Architecture....23

How Business Benefits from Cloud-Native Applications....28

An Introduction to AKS and its Components....29

Container Images....32

The Cluster....32

The Control Plane....33

Deploying Apps and Workloads....33

Summary....35

Appendix....36

Chapter 2: Microservices: Architecting and Design Considerations....37

Introduction....37

Microservice Architecture Benefits....37

Deriving Business Value....39

Defining a Goal-Oriented, Layered Approach....40

Modularity....41

Cohesiveness....41

Interrelationships....42

Maturity Model for Microservice Architecture Goals and Benefits....42

Applying the Goal-Oriented, Layered Approach....43

Microservices Design....44

The Systems Approach to Microservices....45

Service....46

Solution....47

Process and Tools....47

Organization....47

Culture....48

Embracing Change....48

Standardization and Coordination....49

Standardizing Process....49

Standardizing Outputs....50

Standardizing People....51

Standardization Trade-Offs....51

A Microservices Design Process....52

Set Optimization Goals....52

Development Principles....53

Sketch the System Design....53

Implement, Observe, and Adjust....54

The Microservices System Designer....56

Goals and Principles....56

Goals for the Microservices Way....57

Reduce Costs....58

Increase Release Speed....58

Improve Resilience....59

Enable Visibility....59

Trade-Offs....59

Operating Principles....60

Netflix....60

Antifragility....60

Immutability....61

Separation of Concerns....61

UNIX....61

Suggested Principles....62

Do One Thing Well....62

Build Afresh....62

Expect Output to Become Input....63

Dont Insist on Interactive Input....63

Try Early....63

Dont Hesitate to Throw It Away....64

Toolmaking....64

Platforms....64

Shared Capabilities....65

Hardware Services....66

Source Code Management, Test, and Deployment....66

Data Storage....67

Service Orchestration....67

Security and Identity....67

Architectural Policy....67

Localized Capabilities....68

Culture....69

Aligning Your Teams....70

Fostering Innovation....70

Summary....72

Appendix....72

Chapter 3: Microservices Design Patterns....73

Introduction....73

Service Design....73

Microservice Boundaries....74

Microservice Boundaries and Domain-Driven Design....75

Its Only a Model....75

Bounded Context....76

Smaller Is Better....77

Ubiquitous Language....78

API Design for Microservices....78

Message-Oriented....79

Hypermedia-Driven....79

Data and Microservices....81

Shipping Company Example....82

Event Sourcing....83

System Model for Shipping Company....87

CQRS....89

Distributed Transactions and Sagas....91

Asynchronous Message-Passing and Microservices....92

Dealing with Dependencies....94

Pragmatic Mobility....97

System Design and Operations....100

Independent Deployability....100

Do You Need More Servers?....102

Microservice Architecture Is a Product of Its Time....103

Docker and Microservices....104

The Role of Service Discovery....106

The Need for an API Gateway....108

Security....108

Transformation and Orchestration....109

Routing....111

Monitoring and Alerting....112

Summary....113

Appendix....113

Chapter 4: Containers and Azure Kubernetes Services....114

Introduction....114

Containers....114

How Containers Solve This Problem....115

How Containerization Is Different from Virtualization....115

Using Docker....119

Installing Docker Desktop in Your Development Environment....121

Exploring the docker run Command....123

Running a Webserver....123

Viewing the Contents of the Web Page from the Terminal....124

Cleanup Processes....125

The Dockerfile....126

Use Entrypoint to Make the Greeter a Bit More Configurable....127

Use COPY to Launch a Simple Static Website....128

Monitoring Docker Containers and Docker Logs....129

Docker Exec: Run Commands Inside a Running Container!....129

Docker Inspect....130

Creating a Docker Hub Account and Connecting to It....130

Tagging and Pushing Your Image to the Registry....131

Using Kubernetes....132

Kubernetes Tooling and Setup....135

Summary....139

Appendix....139

Chapter 5: Securing and Monitoring Applications Running on AKS....141

Introduction....141

Security Concepts....142

Master Security....142

Node Security....143

Cluster Upgrades....144

Network Security....145

Kubernetes Secrets....145

Azure Kubernetes Service Checklist....147

Security Concepts: Conclusion....150

Monitoring Concepts....150

Container Insights....150

Azure Monitor Features....153

Summary....160

Chapter 6: CICD for AKS....161

Introduction....161

A Quick Look at DevOps....161

Goals of This Exercise....162

Creating Azure Kubernetes Service Using Azure Portal....163

Creating Azure Container Instance Using Azure Portal....172

Working with Visual Studio to Build the Sample Application....180

CICD with Azure DevOps....192

Summary....250

Index....251

Design and implement scalable microservices using Azure Kubernetes Services (AKS) and other Azure Services. This book will help you understand why and when to choose microservices as a solution for modernization and how to use Azure DevOps to implement CI/CD for deploying microservices.The book starts with an introduction to the evolution to microservices and AKS along with its components. You will learn design patterns to implement microservices on AKS and understand Kubernetes as a container orchestration platform. You will go through the common errors faced in AKS-based applications and ways to handle them. You will learn error handling tips and tricks and how to design for business continuity and disaster recovery. The book discusses things you should know related to security and monitoring when working with AKS-based applications. The book presents a practical approach to set up processes for CI/CD, such as building Build and release pipelines forAKS deployment using Azure DevOps.After reading this book, you will understand design considerations for designing scalable microservices and know how to implement the design through AKS.

What You Will Learn

• Know design patterns for microservices and how to handle failure scenarios
• Be aware of architecture and design considerations
• Understand container and Kubernetes architecture components
• Understand security and monitoring aspects
• Take a practical approach to continuous integration and continuous delivery

Who This Book Is For

IT professionals associated with cloud computing, especially with Microsoft Azure